| Sons of Japheth | Location Notes |
| Gomer | Josephus and Holman have them settled in central Turkey. Josephus adds that they became the Galatians, from whom the Gauls were descended; ESV puts them east of there, in the southern Caucasus region. |
| Magog | Josephus identifies them with the Scythians, i.e., people who settled north of the Black and Caspian Seas. ESV has them in the southern Caucasus with Gomer, while Holman puts them in central Turkey. |
| Madai | All my sources agree in identifying these with the Medes, of northern Iran and who later joined with the Persians. |
| Javan | Josephus identifies these with “Ionians” and says all Greeks descended from him. The other two sources put them in the Aegean islands, anyway. |
| Tubal | Josephus says these became the “Iberes”—Iberians? But the ESV map puts Tubal in modern-day Georgia in the Caucasus, while Holman places him in central Turkey (Cappadocia). |
| Meshech | Became the Cappadocians (in central Turkey), says Josephus; its capital was called Mazaca. ESV places them somewhat east of there, still in Turkey, while Holman places them slightly west. |
| Tiras | Josephus says they became Thrace, on the north of the Aegean Sea, and Holman agrees, but encorporates the suggestion that it included ancient Troy; Etruscians, speculates ESV. |
| Note: seven sons, a “complete” number representing others. |